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"Until these things are monitored and regulated, there's a real potential risk for unexpected exposure to toxic chemicals," Jacobs said

Additionally, there may be a connection between certain gene mutations linked to mesothelioma and smoking, but current research has not established a definitive causal relationship

Delnevo: Our study, published in JAMA Network Open , which analyzed cigarette consumption data in the U.S

The authors adjusted their analysis for sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, gender, education and tobacco cigarette smoking status, and conducted sensitivity analyses to control for confounding factors and bias

It is plausible that some e-cigarette use in this population is among tobacco smokers attempting to quit, or may replace trying smoking, and further research into these issues is needed