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The decision allows these products, which have been available in the US since January 2025, to be marketed with a claim stating that using Zyn instead of cigarettes puts users at a lower risk of mouth cancer, heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis

One argument that I make in my larger work is that (male) smoking is up to a point an index of economic development

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Figure 1-16 compares the smoking prevalence and cessation rates by mental illness status

In addition, PG with nicotine caused increased macrophage and CD4 + /CD8 + T-lymphocytes cell counts in BALF compared to air control, but these effects were ameliorated when animals were sub-chronically exposed to PG alone [42]