Smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of pneumonia by (1) structural impairment 20 , (2) disrupting innate and adaptive immune response 21 , and (3) modifying airway microbiome 22
Proactive intervention methods might be applied more effectively before deeper problems surface
3 min read Cannabidiol (CBD) has become an increasingly popular wellness ingredient
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Back to Journals Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Volume 10 Probing smoking craving with a multidimensional approach: validation of the 12-item French-language version of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges Authors Dethier V, Heeren A, Galanti L, Philippot P, Billieux J Received 25 February 2014 Accepted for publication 23 April 2014 Published 7 August 2014 Volume 2014:10 Pages 14591468 DOI Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 5 Vincent Dethier, 1 Alexandre Heeren, 1,2 Laurence Galanti, 3 Pierre Philippot, 1 Jol Billieux 1 1 Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Universit catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium